Kerja sama REDD antara 4 gubernur Indonesia dan Amerika Serikat

Sebuah perjanjian kerjasama dalam usaha mengurangi pemanasan global dengan cara mengurangi dan menghentikan laju deforestasi dan degradasi hutan atau dikenal REDD telah lahir antara Provinsi Aceh, Indonesia dengan 3 negara bagian di Amerika Serikat: California, Wisconsin dan Illinois. REDD merupakan mekanisme yang disetujui oleh PBB untuk mengurangi dampak pemanasan global yang memungkinan negara-negara kaya dapat membeli sejumlah kredit karbon di negara-negara yang masih memiliki hutan tropis dengan imbalan negara pemilik hutan tersebut menjaga kelestarian hutannya [konsep "lestari" bisa dibaca: tidak ditebang sama sekali atau juga ditebang dengan perencanaan, misalnya memakai RIL [Reduced Impact Logging]-nya TFF].

Uniknya perjanjian ini tidak melewati pemerintah pusat [saya belum baca benar UU Otonomi Khusus Aceh - apakah dimungkinkan pemerintah provinsi Aceh langsung melakukan perjanjian dengan negara bagian lain]. Pemerintah Provinsi Aceh akan "mengelola" sejumlah dana dari hasil pembelian kredit karbon tersebut yang dipergunakan untuk melindungi Hutan Ulu Masen.

Tanda kutip dalam mengelola sengaja dipergunakan karena di Ulu Masen sendiri sudah ada lembaga konservasi dari Australia bernama Carbon Conservation yang menghitung dan mengelola karbon yang ada di Hutan Ulu Masen yang kemudian dikerjasamakan dengan Merril Lynch untuk menghitung berapa harga karbon itu. Sekedar catatan juga, karena mekanisme REDD belum terbentuk dengan sempurna, saat ini karbon dijual seharga $4 - $10/ton karbon.

Nah yang akan kita lihat nanti adalah kemana sebenarnya duit REDD itu masuk? Dalam bentuk apa?Siapa yang akan mengelola [pemerintah atau "lembaga konservasi" tadi? siapa yang akan menerima manfaat [hutan?masyarakat sekitar?masyarakat Aceh? Rakyat Indonesia?

Lalu "duit" yang masuk itu apakah dia hibah, pinjaman atau penerimaan negara? dalam hipotesis saya, karena hasil jual-beli, maka dia layak masuk dalam kategori penerimaan negara [bukan pajak?]. Nah apakah ia akan dicatat sebagai PAD provinsi Aceh atau ia adalah penerimaan pemerintah pusat [dengan asumsi, pemerintah pusat-lah yang berwenang dalam kebijakan luar negeri].

Semua itu adalah pertanyaan yang perlu ditunggu mengingat kerja sama itu [MOU] akan digantungkan pada dua inisiatif pengurangan pemanasan global yang mengikat California [sebagai anggota Western Climate Initiative , akan diluncurkan pada tahun 2012] dan wisconsin /illinois [Midwestern Regional Greenhouse Gas Reduction Accord, yang akan diluncurkan pada 2010]. selain itu jumlah karbon yang dihasilkan oleh Ulu Masen harus memenuhi kriteria yang ditetapkan oleh UU di California [California's Global Warming Solutions Act (Assembly Bill 32)].

Gampangnya adalah ada seluas hutan di suatu negara berdaulat yang kriteria fungsi lingkungannya dan bahkan, jika MOU itu jadi, bagaimana dikelola, ditentukan oleh sebuah UU dari negara lain. Solusi gampangnya pula adalah apakah perlu sebuah UU atau peraturan perundangan lain [karena sudah ada draft Permenhut mengenai REDD] yang mengatur mengenai REDD demi untuk menutupi fakta ada suatu wilayah yang pengaturannya digantungkan pada peraturan perundangan di negara lain?.

---

Text MOU of collaboration between the State of Amazonas/State of Amapa/State of Mato Grosso/State of Para/Province of Aceh/Province of Papua, and the States of California, Illinois, and Wisconsin in combating climate change:

ACKNOWLEDGING the friendship and excellent cooperation among the governments of the Federative Republic of Brazil/Republic of Indonesia and the United States of America;

TAKING INTO ACCOUNT the global nature of environmental problems and the ability of joint efforts to enhance joint policies for environmental protection and sustainable natural resources;

RATIFYING the willingness to promote new mechanisms of dialogue and agreement that lead to the strengthening of relationships and productive mutual action;

CONSIDERING the opportunities for collaboration between the State of Amazonas/State of Amapa/State of Mato Grosso/State of Para/Province of Aceh/Province of Papua, and the States of California, Illinois, and Wisconsin in combating climate change;

Recognizing the importance and value of implementing climate mitigation and adaptation actions at sub-national levels, both in their own right and as a means to furthering national and international efforts;

recognizing further the importance of focusing on issues of common interest between the Parties, such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the forest sector by preserving standing forests and sequestering additional carbon through the restoration and reforestation of degraded lands and forest and improved forest management practices;

EXPRESS their willingness to cooperate, in the search of joint actions that improve environmental quality and optimize the quality of life in the State of Amazonas State of Amapa/State of Mato Grosso/State of Para in the Federative Republic of Brazil/Province of Aceh/Province of Papua in the Republic of Indonesia, and the States of California, Illinois, and Wisconsin in the United States of America.

ARTICLE 1

This Memorandum of Understanding is intended to promote broader cooperation regarding environmental issues among the Parties within their respective purview and based on principles of reciprocity, information exchange and mutual benefit.

ARTICLE 2

The Parties will coordinate efforts and promote collaboration for environmental management, scientific and technical investigation, and capacity building, through cooperative efforts focused particularly, but not exclusively, on the following priorities:

a. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and land degradation - otherwise known as "REDD" - and sequestration of additional carbon through the restoration and reforestation of degraded lands and forests, and through improved forest management practices;

b. Developing rules to ensure that forest-sector emissions reductions and sequestrations, from activities undertaken at the sub-national level, will be real, measurable, verifiable and permanent, and capable of being recognized in compliance mechanisms of each party's state, provincial, regional, national or international programs such as the State of California's Global Warming Solutions Act (Assembly Bill 32), Midwestern Greenhouse Gas Accord, Western Climate Initiative, Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative, or other initiatives;

c. Initiating innovative financing between the Parties for the sustainable use of forest resources and biodiversity conservation;

d. Adapting to future climate change impacts and the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions; and

e. Stimulating investment between the Parties to promote sustainable development.

ARTICLE 3

In furtherance of the priorities referenced in Article 2, the Parties may develop the following methods of cooperation, among others:

a. Exchange of information;

b. Design, implementation and joint financing of studies and projects;

c. Development and dissemination of publications;

d. Technology transfer;

e. Exchange of scholars and experts;

f. Development of capacity building programs;

g. Joint development of seminars, workshops, conferences, courses, technical visits and certificate courses; or

h. Other methods developed between the Parties.

ARTICLE 4

The Parties will cooperate in the development of a Joint Action Plan containing cooperative actions or projects and/or specific studies to be developed.

Each work plan will include all necessary provisions for implementing the cooperation activity agreed upon, including its scope, coordination and administration, resource allocation, expert and professional exchanges, administrative issues, and any other information deemed necessary for achieving the objective of this Memorandum of Understanding.

Independent of the formalization of work plans the Parties agree that collaboration proposals can be presented that allow the parties to optimize outcomes for achieving the objective of this Memorandum of Understanding.

For the follow up and implementation of work plans, theme-specific groups will be established. These groups will be led by officials of the Parties and will meet at a minimum of once a year.

ARTICLE 5

In activities of cooperation and information exchanges, if Parties deem it convenient, private and public sectors may be invited to participate, as well as public, academic and research institutions, or any other organization, as long as
they can directly contribute to the achievement of the objective of this Memorandum of Understanding.

ARTICLE 6

The Parties will finance activities referred to in this Memorandum of Understanding with resources allocated in their respective budgets, as these resources become available and as stipulated by their own legislation processes. Each Party will pay for expenses related to its own participation,unless alternative financial mechanisms can be used for specific activities, as appropriate and as approved by their respective appointing authority

ARTICLE 7

Confidential or protected information, material or equipment will not be subject to transfer pursuant to this Memorandum of Understanding.

If information, material and equipment is identified to require or to potentially require protection and classification, during the development of cooperation activities as stated in this Memorandum of Understanding, the Parties will inform corresponding authorities and will establish the appropriate protections in writing.

Transfer or use of information, material and equipment not protected or classified which is controlled by any of the Parties, shall be done in accordance with applicable laws of each state, province, nation, or institution and must be properly
identified.

ARTICLE 8

Officials designated by each Party to implement cooperation activities under this Memorandum of Understanding will continue working for the party to whom they belong, and no labor relations will be created with any other Party to this Memorandum of Understanding.

Cooperative activities under this Memorandum of Understanding will in no way change the original employer/employee relationship of the officials working together under this Memorandum of Understanding.

The Parties will make all necessary arrangements with corresponding authorities to facilitate customs entrance and exit of participants officially taking part in cooperation

projects under this Memorandum of Understanding. These participants will be bound by migration, fiscal, customs, sanitary and national security provisions existing in each respective country and are not authorized to do any other activity without previous permission from the appropriate authorities.

The Parties will ensure that their official representatives participating in cooperation actions have medical, liability and life insurance, to pay costs related to damage repair or indemnification, in case that an accident may occur as a result of cooperation activities related to the execution of this Memorandum of Understanding.

ARTICLE 9

Any differences of interpretation, management or execution of this Memorandum of Understanding will be resolved by mutual understanding of the Parties.

ARTICLE 10

This Memorandum of Understanding can be modified by mutual consent of the Parties in writing, specifying the date of the entry into force of any such modifications.

ARTICLE 11

Termination of this Memorandum of Understanding can be made by any of the Parties, through written communication directed to the other Parties thirty (30) days in advance.

ARTICLE 12

The Parties acknowledge that this Memorandum of Understanding is only intended to provide for cooperation between the Parties, and does not create any legally binding rights or obligations. To the extent any other provision of this Memorandum of Understanding is inconsistent with this paragraph, this paragraph shall control.

Executed in California, United States of America, on November eighteen of two thousand and eight, in one original in the English language.